Glossary

Relative to the parent element’s size. Useful for responsive design and fluid layouts.

A standard HTTP response code indicating that the server could not find the requested page.

A method of comparing two versions of a web page or app against each other to determine which one performs better.

The portion of a web page that is visible without scrolling.

Designing websites that can be used by people with various disabilities.

A design approach that creates different layouts for different devices, rather than one layout that adjusts.

A set of web development techniques using many web technologies on the client-side to create asynchronous web applications.

Aligns the grid container's items along the block (column) axis when there is extra space.

A property that aligns flex items along the cross axis (flex-start, flex-end, center, baseline, stretch).

A property that allows the default alignment (or the one specified by align-items) to be overridden for individual flex items.

A description of an image used by screen readers and displayed if the image fails to load.

The collection and analysis of data related to website usage and performance.

A type of link that allows users to jump to a specific part of a web page.

The clickable text in a hyperlink.

A set of rules that allows different software entities to communicate with each other.

A design strategy for Progressive Web Apps that separates static content from dynamic content for faster loading.

The ratio of the width to the height of an element, often used in image and video dimensions.

The automatic placement of grid items when no explicit placement is defined.

The server-side development that involves databases, server logic, and application integration.

A link from one website to another, important for SEO.

A graphical display at the top of a webpage, often used for advertising or important announcements.

Aligns flex items along their baselines.

A regularly updated website or web page, typically run by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style.

A saved link to a web page that allows quick access to it later.

The percentage of visitors who navigate away from the site after viewing only one page.

A secondary navigation system that shows a user’s location in a site’s hierarchy. It is meant to help users understand their location within a website

Specific points in CSS where the layout of a web page changes to accommodate different screen sizes.

A temporary storage area in a web browser that saves copies of web pages for faster loading in the future.

A clickable element that performs a specific action, such as submitting a form.

A graphic or text element that draws attention to important information on a web page.

An HTML element that helps prevent duplicate content issues by specifying the preferred version of a web page.

A rotating set of images or content used to showcase featured items or information.

Centers flex items along the main axis or cross axis.

Relative to the width of the '0' (zero) character in the element’s font. Useful for defining widths that depend on the font size.

The percentage of users who click on a specific link out of the total users who view a page or ad.

Software that allows users to create, manage, and modify content on a website without needing specialized technical knowledge.

The study of how colors interact and the visual effects of color combinations.

The flex direction where flex items are laid out vertically from top to bottom.

The flex direction where flex items are laid out vertically from bottom to top.

The process of gathering, organizing, and sharing relevant content for a specific audience.

A system of distributed servers that deliver web content to a user based on their geographic location.

Planning, development, and management of content—written or in other media.

A menu that appears upon user interaction, offering relevant options based on the context of the action performed.

The path that users take towards completing a goal on a website, such as making a purchase.

The percentage of visitors who take a desired action on a website.

A language used to style the visual presentation of web pages.

A CSS layout system for two-dimensional layouts, organizing content into rows and columns with precise control over placement and alignment.

An element that prompts users to take a specific action, such as 'Sign Up' or 'Buy Now.'

Relative to the x-height of the element’s font (the height of the lowercase 'x' character).

A property that defines the ability of a flex item to shrink relative to the rest of the flex items.

A property that controls whether flex items should wrap onto multiple lines (nowrap, wrap, wrap-reverse).

A CSS layout model designed for one-dimensional layouts, providing efficient space distribution and alignment of items within a container.

A rectangular space surrounded by four grid lines. It can contain one or more grid cells.

A shorthand for setting grid-row-start, grid-column-start, grid-row-end, and grid-column-end.

A property that specifies the size of columns added implicitly.

A property that controls the auto-placement algorithm for grid items.

A property that specifies the size of rows added implicitly.

The smallest unit of the grid, formed by the intersection of a row and a column.

A shorthand for grid-column-start and grid-column-end.

A property that specifies on which column line the grid item ends.

A property that specifies on which column line the grid item starts.

The element on which display: grid is applied. It's the direct parent of all the grid items.

The space between rows and columns (also known as gap, row-gap, and column-gap).

The children (direct descendants) of the grid container.

A design technique that uses a grid to structure and align content on a web page.

The lines dividing the grid into cells. They can be horizontal or vertical.

A shorthand for grid-row-start and grid-row-end.

A property that specifies on which row line the grid item ends.

A property that specifies on which row line the grid item starts.

A structure of intersecting lines used to align and organize content on a web page.

A property that defines named grid areas within the grid layout.

A property that defines the number and size of columns in the grid.

A property that defines the number and size of rows in the grid.

The space between two grid lines. A grid track can be a row or a column.

A type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices using graphical icons and visual indicators.

A menu icon consisting of three horizontal lines, often used to indicate a hidden navigation menu.

A button typically found in the top corner of a website that reveals a navigation menu when clicked.

The top section of a web page that typically contains the site’s logo, navigation menu, and other introductory content.

A graphical representation of data where values are depicted by color, often used to show user interaction on websites.

A large, prominent image at the top of a web page, often accompanied by a call to action.

The prominent section at the top of a web page, often featuring a large image or video and a key message.

A six-digit code used in HTML and CSS to represent colors.

The change in appearance of an element when a user hovers over it with a cursor.

The standard language used to create web pages.

A reference in a web page that leads users to another page or resource.

A web design technique that automatically loads more content as the user scrolls down the page.

The organization and labeling of content in a way that helps users find information and complete tasks.

HTML elements that do not start on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary.

The practice of designing interactive digital products and systems.

A programming language used to create dynamic content on web pages.

The process of visualizing the steps a user takes to achieve a goal on a website.

A property that aligns flex items along the main axis (flex-start, flex-end, center, space-between, space-around, space-evenly).

Aligns grid items along the inline (row) axis.

The process of adjusting the spacing between characters in a font.

A measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving key business objectives.

A standalone web page created for marketing or advertising campaigns to prompt a specific action from visitors.

A design pattern commonly used to defer initialization of an object until the point at which it is needed.

Relative to the line-height of the element. Useful for vertical spacing and aligning content.

A script used to display images and other media in a modal window, overlaying the current page.

The amount of time it takes for a web page to fully display in the browser.

The primary axis along which flex items are laid out. It is defined by the flex-direction property.

The starting and ending points of the main axis.

A CSS technique used to apply styles based on the characteristics of the user's device, such as screen size.

A type of expandable menu in which many choices are displayed in a two-dimensional dropdown layout.

Snippets of text that describe a page’s content; the meta tags don’t appear on the page itself but only in the page’s code.

Data that provides information about other data, often used for SEO.

Small, often subtle, design elements that respond to user actions and enhance the user experience.

Small bits of text used to guide users through an interface, such as button labels, error messages, and instructions.

A way to nest metadata within existing content on web pages to improve search engine understanding.

A function that defines a size range greater than or equal to min and less than or equal to max.

A static design of a web page or application, used to demonstrate and review the design.

A child window that requires users to interact with it before they can return to operating the parent application.

Features that allow a website to be displayed in multiple languages.

The use of various forms of media, such as text, audio, video, and images, in web design.

The simplest version of a product that can be released to start the feedback loop with customers.

The system that allows users to move around a website.

A set of buttons or links typically displayed at the top or side of a web page, allowing users to navigate different sections of a website.

A hidden navigation menu that slides in from the side of the screen.

The transparency level of an element in CSS.

A protocol that allows web pages to become rich objects in a social graph.

A property that controls the order in which flex items are displayed within the flex container.

The amount of time it takes for a web page to load.

A scrolling technique where background images move slower than foreground images to create a 3D effect.

A web design technique where background images move slower than foreground images, creating an illusion of depth.

The smallest unit of a digital image or graphic that can be displayed and represented on a digital display device.

The number of pixels per inch (PPI) on a display, affecting the clarity and sharpness of images.

A shorthand for align-content and justify-content.

A shorthand for align-items and justify-items.

Text or images used to fill space in a design mockup, indicating where content will be added later.

Text displayed in a form field that gives users a hint about what to enter.

A software add-on that is installed onto a program, enhancing its capabilities.

A raster graphics file format that supports lossless data compression.

A type of application software delivered through the web, built using common web technologies.

An early sample or model of a website used to test concepts and usability.

A fixed unit that represents a single dot on a screen. Commonly used for precise layout control. However, it is not responsive to a user's font preferences.

Images created with a grid of pixels, such as JPEGs and PNGs.

Relative unit to the font-size of the root element (html). Allows for consistent sizing across the entire document, as well as it respects the user's font preferences.

A function that allows for repeated tracks in the grid.

The amount of detail that an image holds, often measured in pixels.

Designing websites that work on various devices and screen sizes.

Images that automatically scale to fit different screen sizes and resolutions.

An approach that makes web pages render well on various devices and screen sizes.

A brand name used by Apple for screens that have a higher pixel density.

The flex direction where flex items are laid out horizontally from left to right.

The flex direction where flex items are laid out horizontally from right to left.

A software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a service provider and made available to customers over the internet.

A software application that reads the text displayed on the screen for users with visual impairments.

A feature that automatically updates links in a navigation list based on scroll position.

Techniques used to increase a website's visibility in search engine results.

A list of pages of a website accessible to crawlers or users.

An interface element that allows users to select a value from a range by sliding a handle.

The original code written by a programmer, forming the basis of a website or application.

Distributes flex items evenly with equal space around each item.

Distributes flex items evenly with the first item at the start and the last item at the end.

Distributes flex items with equal space between them and around them.

A two-dimensional image or animation that is integrated into a larger scene.

A standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a server and a client.

A website with fixed content that doesn't change unless manually updated by a developer.

A navigation menu that remains visible and in the same position as the user scrolls down the page.

Stretches flex items to fill the flex container along the cross axis.

A value for grid-template-rows and grid-template-columns that allows nested grid items to participate in the parent grid.

An XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics.

A pre-designed web page or set of HTML web pages that anyone can use to 'plug-in' their own text content and images into to create a website.

A brief, informative message that appears when a user interacts with an element in a graphical user interface.

The art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and visually appealing.

The arrangement of type to create a visual distinction between different levels of text, such as headings, subheadings, and body text.

The space where interactions between humans and machines occur.

The process of testing how easy and intuitive a website is for users.

The path taken by a user to complete a task on a website.

The overall experience of a person using a website, particularly in terms of how easy or pleasing it is to use.

1% of the viewport’s height. Allows for responsive sizing based on the height of the viewport.

The visible area of a web page on a display device.

1% of the viewport’s larger dimension (width or height). Useful for ensuring responsiveness across different screen orientations.

1% of the viewport’s smaller dimension (width or height). Useful for ensuring responsiveness across different screen orientations.

1% of the viewport’s width. Allows for responsive sizing based on the width of the viewport.

The service that allows organizations and individuals to post a website or web page onto the Internet.

A palette of 216 colors that display consistently across different web browsers and devices.

The empty space around elements on a web page, used to create visual balance and improve readability.

A basic visual guide used to suggest the structure of a website or app.

A system in which editing software allows content to be edited in a form that resembles its appearance when printed or displayed as a finished product.

A CSS property that specifies the stack order of elements on a web page.